Influence of processing on bioactive compounds, Type-II diabetes related enzyme regulation potential and antiurolithiatic potential of underutilized legume Macrotyloma uniflorum.

Abstract

The hydro-alcoholic extract of raw and processed Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds, an underutilized food legume was analysed for its bioactive compounds, Type-II diabetes enzyme regulation and antiurolithiatic potential. The study aimed to establish and promote the introduction of these new grains and enlarge the market of novel functional foods. The seed extract had phenolic content of 35.6 and 30.4mg GAE/g dm, for PAIYUR-2 and GPM-6 respectively. Chlorogenic, coumaric, vanillic and ellagic were the major and, sinapic and syringic were limiting phenolic acids. The raw seeds extract exhibited ferric ion reducing potential (1125 and 1236mmol Fe II/mg extract dm), free radical inhibition (EC50, 3.58 and 3.78gdm/g DPPH), hydroxyl ion inhibition (46.71 and 45.44%) and superoxide ion inhibition (36.93 and 33.37%) for PAIYUR-2 and GPM-6 respectively. Further, considerable α-amylase (49.34 & 45.89%) and α-glucosidase (62.72 & 60.33%) inhibition potentials were observed along with antiurolithiatic activity of 48.12 and 46.31% in PAIYUR-2 and GPM-6 respectively. Although, processing had significant (p ≤ 0.05) impact on grain quality but still the significant (p ≤ 0.05) functional properties were retained. This proves the grain utility as a functional food in maintaining human health.