Abstract
The object of research is the rapeseed, which is the first among oilseeds by the volume of sowing. One of the most problematic places of the agricultural complex is an increase in the quantity and quality of the seed material. To solve this problem, scientists and agricultural specialists use various methods, preferring optical radiation – pre-sowing UV-seed treatment. Selection of treatment regimes requires detailed studies and a differentiated approach for each crop separately.In the work pre-sowing influence of ultraviolet UV-irradiation of rapeseeds on biological processes (germination energy, germination and growth) is investigated. 20 W low-pressure ultraviolet lamps of the type ZW20D15W (China) emitting in the C region are used. The radiation dose is measured according to standard methods using a Tenzor-31 radiometer (Ukraine).Samples of rapeseeds, in addition to control, are irradiated with ultraviolet radiation in the C region with doses of 10 J/m2, 20 J/m2, 50 J/m2, 80 J/m2, 100 J/m2, 120 J/m2and 200 J/m2. Irradiated and control samples of seeds are germinated in Petri dishes at an air temperature of 24±2 ° C. The number of seedlings is counted after 3 days – the germination energy, and after 7 days – germination ability.Due to the use of UV irradiation at doses of 80-120 J/m2, the following results are obtained in comparison with the control sample: the germination energy of rapeseeds is increased by 20-26 %; germination ability increases by 16%. At the same time, the average biomass of plants from irradiated seeds increases by 18.3 % in comparison with the control samples for 10 days of growth.In field studies, the germination of rapeseeds after irradiation with a UV-C dose of 120 J/m2 compared to the control sample increased by 16% and becomes 89 %.
Highlights
Rapeseed is a strategically important culture, as it occupies an important place in the food and energy balance of the state
The aim of research is studying the pre-sowing effect of ultraviolet (UV) seed irradiation on biological processes in laboratory and field conditions
The positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment by UV radiation is noted in [23]: the germination energy and field germination of seeds are increased, which ensures stable yields of ornamental crops. It is shown in [24, 25] that irradiation of UV-C seeds of wheat stimulated its germination
Summary
Rapeseed is a strategically important culture, as it occupies an important place in the food and energy balance of the state. Increasing the quantity and quality of crop production is the main task in the development of the agricultural complex. Providing high crop yields at optimal costs and high-quality seed indicators, as well as mastering technologies for obtaining new types of rapeseed products, are important tasks for the agro-industrial complex for the near future. Investigation of the influence of pre-sowing irradiation of plant seeds with ultraviolet radiation on their growth, productivity, infection with fungal and other diseases has been initiated for a long time, but this problem has not been studied thoroughly enough, studies in this direction are topical. Study of the influence of ultraviolet irradiation on the seeds of various crops in the pre-sowing processing, including rape, is actual
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