Abstract
Dissolution plays an important role on pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs). The influence of contextual parameters on the results from dissolution testing needs to be identified to improve the generation of relevant and comparable data. This study investigated how pre-dispersions made in water, low-calcium Gamble’s solution, phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF), and 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA) affected the dissolution of the Al2O3 coating on poorly soluble TiO2 also coated with glycerine (NM-104) and rapidly dissolving uncoated (NM-110) and triethoxycaprylsilane-coated ZnO (NM-111) NMs. Dissolution tests were undertaken and controlled in a stirred batch reactor using low-calcium Gamble’s solution and phagolysosomal simulant fluid a surrogate for the lung-lining and macrophage phagolysosomal fluid, respectively. Pre-dispersion in 0.05% BSA-water showed a significant delay or decrease in the dissolution of Al2O3 after testing in both low-calcium Gamble’s solution and PSF. Furthermore, use of the 0.05% BSA pre-dispersion medium influenced the dissolution of ZnO (NM-110) in PSF and ZnO (NM-111) in low-calcium Gamble’s solution and PSF. We hypothesize that BSA forms a protective coating on the particles, which delays or lowers the short-term dissolution of the materials used in this study. Consequently, the type of pre-dispersion medium can affect the results in short-term dissolution testing.
Highlights
Data on the solubility and dissolution rates of manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) and their potential phase transformation in biological systems have received increasing interest during the last few years
We studied the role of different pre-dispersion media on dispersibility and dissolution rates using three well-characterized and industrially representative nanomaterials (organically uncoated and coated ZnO (NM-110 and NM-111) and organicinorganic coated TiO2 (NM-104))
Lower levels of adsorption were found for the triethoxycaprylsilane coated ZnO (NM-111), probably as the organic coating reduces the binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA)
Summary
Data on the solubility and dissolution rates of manufactured nanomaterials (NMs) and their potential phase transformation in biological systems have received increasing interest during the last few years. The solubility and dissolution rates of NMs are important parameters controlling their potential toxicological reaction paths [3,4]. Dissolution testing in biosimulant fluids can be an important measure for understanding the dissolution behavior to estimate potential harmful effects. Solubility and dissolution testing can be made using several different procedures and test media. To understand and apply the results well and allow mutual acceptance of data, it is necessary to harmonize key conceptual parameters and procedures in the specific test methods as much as possible to allow the generation of comparable and reliable data.
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