Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine differences in total body water (TBW) measured using single-frequency (SF) and multi-frequency (MF) modes of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) in children and adults measured in different postures using the deuterium (2H) dilution technique as the reference. Twenty-three boys and 26 adult males underwent assessment of TBW using the dilution technique and BIS measured in supine and standing positions using two frequencies of the SF mode (50 kHz and 100 kHz) and the MF mode. While TBW estimated from the MF mode was comparable, extra-cellular fluid (ECF) and intra-cellular fluid (ICF) values differed significantly (p < 0.01) between the different postures in both groups. In addition, while estimated TBW in adult males using the MF mode was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the result from the dilution technique, TBW estimated using the SF mode and prediction equation was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in boys. Measurement posture may not affect estimation of TBW in boys and adult males, however, body fluid shifts may still occur. In addition, technical factors, including selection of prediction equation, may be important when TBW is estimated from measured impedance.
Highlights
Body composition, including fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), is an important variable in the assessment of health status
The present study investigated the influence of posture and frequency modes of impedance technique in the estimation of total body water (TBW) in adult males and boys
The present study clarified that estimation of TBW using the MF mode of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) device is not affected by measurement posture regardless of participants’ maturational status or body size
Summary
Body composition, including fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), is an important variable in the assessment of health status. The assessment of body composition assists in identifying individuals with metabolic risks. While body mass index (BMI: kg/m2) and other simple anthropometric indices have been utilized as convenient screening tools for obesity, assessment of body composition reduces misclassification of individuals at risk. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one of the most commonly utilized techniques as it is simple, portable and cost- and time-efficient. The technique assesses differences in the electrical conductivity between tissues. From the measurement of electrical conductivity, resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) can be determined. These components can be utilized to calculate impedance (Z) based on their association Z2 = R2 + Xc2 and a phase angle based on a ratio of
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