Abstract
Plasmogenes are largely located in mitochondria or plastids and they can influence the inheritance of many plant characteristics. This phenomenon is called cytoplasmic inheritance and can be detected on the basis of the expression of a trait in progeny F<sub>1</sub> obtained from single and reciprocal crosses. The aim of this study was to examine the cytoplasmic inheritance of <i>in vitro</i> productivity of morphogenesis in three genotypes of Fragaria x ananassa Duch., i.e. the cultivars 'Dukat', 'Teresa' and the breeding clone no. 590. Single and reciprocal crosses were done according to Griffi ng's method 3. The value of general combining ability (GCA) indicated cv. 'Teresa' as the best maternal component for crossing and 'Dukat' as the worst. The negative reciprocal cross effects (r<sub>ij</sub>) revealed the cytoplasmic inheritance for cv. 'Dukat' as maternal form and positive r<sub>ij</sub> for the breeding clone no. 590 indicated the nuclear inheritance of morphogenetic ability. Cv. 'Teresa', as maternal component, showed nuclear inheritance of that trait in crossing with cv. 'Dukat' and with 590 cytoplasmic inheritance. The productivity of morphogenesis in strawberry depended on the parental combination and the direction of crossing.
Highlights
Most traits inherited by organisms are associated with genes located on chromosomes in cell nucleus
That kind of heredity is called cytoplasmic inheritance and it is caused by plasmogenes which are largely located in mitochondria or plastids
1) The influence of plasmogenes on in vitro productivity of morphogenesis should be recognised in Fragaria x ananassa Duch. species
Summary
Most traits inherited by organisms are associated with genes located on chromosomes in cell nucleus. That kind of heredity is called cytoplasmic inheritance (extrachromosomal inheritance, extranuclear inheritance) and it is caused by plasmogenes which are largely located in mitochondria or plastids. These two organelle genomes coexist in the cytoplasm of their cells: the mitochondrial genome, nearly ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and the plastid genome, specific to plants. Most of the angiosperm plants studied exhibit maternal inheritance of cpDNA, but about one-third of the genera investigated display biparental chloroplast inheritance to some degree (Corriveau and Coleman , 1988; Harris and Ingram , 1991; Hagemann , 1992, 2004; Mogensen , 1996; Zhang et al 2003). The contrasted patterns of organelle inheritance and nuclear genes can be used to unravel the complexity of gene flow in plants, as they are predicted to result in very different distribution of genetic diversity within and among populations (Birky et al 1989; Petit et al 1993; 2005)
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