Abstract
The impact of combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus culture of Satureja sahendica Bornm. was investigated. In nodal explants, the response of secondary metabolite production to different concentrations of PGRs was analyzed regarding the presence and absence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The explants were cultured on MS media in presence of auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphthylacetic acid) and cytokinins (thidiazuron and kinetin); which were used in equal concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg l-1. The treatment of 2 mg l-1 2,4-D + 2 mg l-1 Kin (MD3) led to the highest production of total phenolics (4.303 ± 0.449 mg GAE g-1) and flavonoids (24.903 ± 7.016 mg QE g-1). Moreover, the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the production of secondary metabolites in cell suspension culture of Satureja sahendica was evaluated. The cell suspension culture was established by culturing the nodal-derived friable callus in the liquid medium containing different concentrations of SA (0, 100, 150, 200 µM). An inverse relationship exists between the fresh mass and secondary metabolites contents. In addition, there was a significant difference among concentrations of SA in the production of total phenolics and flavonoid compounds. SA enhances secondary metabolites production and decreases cell fresh mass.
Highlights
Satureja is an extra-large genus of Lamiaceae: Nepetoideae and comprises about 200 species of often aromatic shrubs and herbs distributed in Asia, the Mediterranean region, and North America
PVP hydrogen bonds are able to absorb phenolic substances, and reduce their amount in medium. These substances are released from tissues and cells into the surrounding medium and their accumulation may result in decreased rates of growth and development of cultured materials (Saxena et al, 1986; Leyser et al, 2003)
Our experiments revealed that callus growth of S. sahendica was strongly affected by type, combination, and different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Table 3)
Summary
Satureja is an extra-large genus of Lamiaceae: Nepetoideae and comprises about 200 species of often aromatic shrubs and herbs distributed in Asia, the Mediterranean region, and North America. Satureja sahendica Bornm., locally known as “Marze-Sahandi”, is an endemic species of Satureja in Iran and is distributed in Northwestern and Western regions in East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Kurdistan provinces (Mozaffarian, 1993). This plant is a perennial, branched, bushy, aromatic, and late flowering herb (Ghahreman, 1988, 1993). The presence of several antioxidant compounds in this plant was reported Some flavonoids such as derivatives of diosmetin, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were found in this species (Saeidnia et al, 2011; Hadjmohammadi et al, 2012)
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