Abstract
In this study, the soft-type and hard-type lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were compared in order to create an optimal system for ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles, and sound pressure energy for each PZT ceramic was analyzed and closely examined with ultrasonic energy. TiO2 was water-dispersed using the soft-type and hard-type PZT transducer, possessing different characteristics, and its suspension particle size and distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and dispersion were evaluated for 180 days. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the particles dispersed using the hard-type PZT transducer were smaller than the particles dispersed using the soft-type PZT by 15 nm or more. Because the hard-type PZT transducer had a lower PDI, uniform particle size distribution was also confirmed. In addition, by measuring the zeta potential over time, it was found that the hard-type PZT transducer has higher dispersion safety. In addition, it was confirmed that the ultrasonically dispersed TiO2 suspension using a hard-type PZT transducer maintained constant particle size distribution for 180 days, whereas the suspension from the soft-type PZT aggregated 30 days later. Therefore, the hard-type PZT is more suitable for ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles.
Highlights
Well-distributed suspensions are useful in a wide variety of applications, such as food, medicine, paints, and fuel
Cavitation used for ultrasonic dispersion is caused by sound pressure that repeats per second [3]
The differences between the properties of two PZT transducers were evaluated, and each was used in an ultrasonic dispersion method to determine which is more suitable for particle dispersion in a nanoparticle suspension
Summary
Well-distributed suspensions are useful in a wide variety of applications, such as food, medicine, paints, and fuel. Proper dispersion is crucial during the preparation, crushing, mixing, and formation of raw materials to prevent uneven distribution or the formation of particle agglomerates that are too large to stay in suspension. Cavitation used for ultrasonic dispersion is caused by sound pressure that repeats per second [3]. The inflow of sufficient sound pressure into the target liquid results in cavitation, which is caused by local pressure changes in the acoustics field and results in the formation, growth, vibration, collapse, and destruction of small bubbles or high-energy gas. The effect of cavitation yields sufficient energy to form bubbles in a liquid under negative pressure. The high energy generated during the collapse can be used to disperse particles in suspensions. Aggregation control of nanoparticles in a colloidal state is insufficient when using the conventional bath or horn-type ultrasonic dispersion equipment for various reasons such as uneven
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