Abstract
Plant polysaccharides with technical and physiologic traits attract researchers by their high physiological activity in regulation of the growth, development and protective reactions. Cell cultures allow to regulate chemical composition of synthesized substances by changing media composition and are widely used to enhance or change the biosynthesis of metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of phytohormones 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4 –D) and abscisic acid (ABA) of culture medium on chemical composition of polysaccharides (PS), extracted from cells and extracellular liquid of wheat suspension culture. It was shown for the medium with ABA that monosaccharide composition of extracellular PS mainly represented by glucose (87%), whereas PS isolated from cells were rich for xylose and glucuronic acid. Monosaccharide composition of extracellular PS from media with 2,4-D showed 6-fold increase of arabinose, 8-fold ‒ of galactose, 5-fold ‒ of xylose and glucuronic acid, compared to extracellular PS from ABA medium. Composition of cellular PS from media with 2,4-D were mainly similar to ABA and differed by the increased amount of mannose (3-fold), and galacturonic acid (2,5-fold). Thus, regulative effect of the use of two different types of phytohormones was demonstrated on the biosynthesis of variously composed polysaccharides.
Highlights
Cell biology is of a considerable interest in production of new biologically active compounds
Wheat cell suspension cultures were cultured in media containing two types of phytohormones - abscisic acid (ABA) and 2,4-D, and PS were extracted from the extracellular liquid suspension and the cells of suspension (Tables 1 and 2)
Monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides isolated from the extracellular liquid medium with ABA, regardless of the concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l) is composed of glucose (87%), arabinose (5%) and xylose (5%), and has the following
Summary
Cell biology is of a considerable interest in production of new biologically active compounds. Cell cultures synthesize a wide range of polysaccharides, such as pectins, arabinogalactan, galactans, arabinans, xyloglucans etc. Plant cell cultures have a number of advantages over traditional raw materials (no organismic control, regardless of the climatic conditions, the ability to optimize and standardization process, the homogeneity of the system, a greater percent yield), serves as a convenient model system for studying the structure and biosynthesis of polysaccharides. Tissue culture cells could potentially be of practical significance for the production of physiologically active polysaccharides [2, 3]. Plant polysaccharides are known for their important technical and physiologic traits. They attract researchers by their high physiological activity in regulation of the growth, development and protective reactions [4, 5, 6]
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