Abstract
(1)Human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPDLSCs) are a unique population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recently, the positive effects of photobiomodulation on the regulation of MSCs proliferation and osteogenic differentiation have gained significant attention. This study aimed to assess the effects of photobiomodulation and vitamin D (as an anabolic factor) on HPDLSCs for bone regeneration. (2)HPDLSCs were collected, isolated, and characterized and then divided into six groups: groups I and II, control and (10-7 Mol) vitamin D, respectively; group III, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 of 808-nm diode laser; group IV, irradiation at 1 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D; group V, irradiation at 2 J/cm2, and group VI, irradiation at 2 J/cm2 and culture with vitamin D. Cell viability assay was measured through MTT assay and cell growth curve. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity and mRNA levels of RUNX2, collagen 1 (Col-1), ALP, and osteonectin were also assessed. (3)Photobiomodulation at 1 and 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D significantly promoted HPDLSC proliferation (in MTT assay and cell growth curve results) and osteogenic differentiation (through the gene expression of RUNX2, Col-1, ALP, and osteonectin levels (p < 0.05). (4)Laser irradiation at 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D3 enhanced osteoblast differentiation and proliferation of cultured HPDLSCs and thus could further substitute bone grafting.
Highlights
Cell-based bone tissue engineering emerges as a potential alternative as it aims to generate new cell-driven, functional tissue rather than fill a defect with a nonliving graft material that usually ranges from natural autologous or allogeneic or xenogeneic graft materials to synthetic bone graft materials [1].Stem cells from dental tissues have been evaluated as reliable candidates in tissue regeneration, primarily as they can be obtained from unnecessary organs, such as the third molars, unlike other sources of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), which is a comprehensibly complicated harvesting process for patients [2,3].Several studies have isolated and used dental stem cells for bone regeneration
(3) Results: Photobiomodulation at 1 and 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D significantly promoted Human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPDLSCs) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation
(4) Conclusion: Laser irradiation at 2 J/cm2 combined with vitamin D3 enhanced osteoblast differentiation and proliferation of cultured HPDLSCs and could further substitute bone grafting
Summary
Several studies have isolated and used dental stem cells for bone regeneration. Seo et al pioneered the proven stemness of the multipotent cells presented in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues isolated from the middle third of the root surface of the extracted tooth. PDLs were used for its proven capability of tissue regeneration as it is rich in periodontal stem cells, which can be isolated and cultured in vitro for future use in vivo or in tissue banking [4,5,6,7,8]. Stages of osteoblast differentiation of stem cells include immature osteoprogenitor, mature osteoprogenitor, This work is licensed under the Creative
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