Abstract
Application of Phosphorus (P) in combination of with polymer Avail to previous crop may affect soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under dryland conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two P rates (45 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) with and without Avail applied to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) previous crop on growth and yields of dryland soybeans near Blackville, SC from 2011 to 2012. Soybeans were evaluated for Leaf Area Index (LAI), plant Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), plant height, grain moisture, seed weight and grain yields. Compared to untreated control, P applications at 45 kg and 90 kg ha-1 with Avail to winter wheat significantly increased soybean grain yields by 12.3% and 20.2%, respectively. Phosphorus applied to previous crop at 45 kg and 90 kg P ha-1 with polymer Avail, improved soybean yields by 8.1 and 4.0% over P treatments not treated with Avail, respectively. Soybean LAI significantly increased by 22.8% at 3 months after planting with application of P at 90 kg ha-1 and polymer Avail to winter wheat previous crop compared to untreated control. Lower P rate of 45 kg ha-1 with Avail to winter wheat increased soybean LAI by 11.8%. Applications of 45 kg and 90 kg P ha-1 with Avail to previous crop improved plant NDVI at 3 months after soybean planting by 1.8% and 2.5%, respectively. Based on significant linear relationship, increasing plant NDVI by 0.1 improved soybean yields by 126.1 kg ha-1. Applications of P with Avail to winter wheat did not affect soybean LAI and NDVI at 2 months after planting, plant height, grain moisture and seed weight. Results from this study indicate that P applications with Avail to previous crop significantly improved plant LAI and NDVI at 3 months after planting and increased soybean yields.
Highlights
Reduced yield potential of soybeans is a result of low soil Phosphorus (P) (Liu et al, 2010) and insufficient water availability (Zheng et al, 2010)
This study investigated the effect of two P rates (45 and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1) with and without Avail applied to winter wheat previous crop on growth and yield of following soybeans crop grown under dryland conditions
Addition of polymer Avail to 45 kg and 90 kg P ha−1 to winter wheat previous crop increased soybean Leaf Area Index (LAI) by 4.5 and 10.2% compared to P rates without polymer Avail, respectively
Summary
Reduced yield potential of soybeans is a result of low soil Phosphorus (P) (Liu et al, 2010) and insufficient water availability (Zheng et al, 2010). Phosphorus fertilization was effective in reducing the impact of drought and improving yields in studies conducted by Zheng et al (2010). McBeath et al (2012) indicated that most P available to plants was in the topsoil, but adding P improved uptake of nutrient from the subsoil. They reported that P fertilizer applied below seeds increased nutrient uptake from the subsoil. Compared to untreated control, applying P fertilizer near seeds increased plant weight, nutrient uptake and content in plants, placing fertilizer close to seeds
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