Abstract
In this study BaTiO3 powders were prepared by the sol–gel method. And the gaseous penetration technique was adopted to improve the conductivity of the BaTiO3 powders. The resistivity of BaTiO3 powders decreased from 4.3 × 109 to 1.75 × 103 Ω m as the penetration time increased from 1 to 5 h and then increased to 3.43 × 103 Ω m with further increase of penetration time to 6 h. Intricate reactions related to Sm took place during the penetration process, and the phases of Ba4Ti2O27, BaSm2Ti4O12, and BaSm2O4 were detected. The gases penetration led to low Po2 condition, the substitution of Sm3+ for Ti4+ and the Ti-rich state after penetration. The results indicated that increasing of the penetrative time help to the increase of the Sm content, the growth and fusion of the grains and the decrease of the resistivity. The penetration time is one of the critical factors which influence the effect of penetration and the best penetration time is 5 h. In addition, the authors also suggest that the Sm-modified BaTiO3 powders will be favorable to get low cost conductive powders.
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