Abstract
Sand filtration is an eco-friendly method to treat either drinking water or wastewater ; it requires only natural granular media. It is also easy to use and to maintain ; the only problem they face is clogging that affects filter performance, that can be detected when head loss or turbidity increase. The purpose of this work is to see what are the factors that influence the performance of filter operation, for this, we used a pilot consisting on a circular column filled with sand (from South Algeria), where various parameters were tested; pressure, flow rate, sand granulometry, suspended matters and particle concentration of the water which is filtered. After eighteen weeks of operation, we have found that head loss increases by decreasing granulometry and increasing flow rate, pressure, particle size, and concentration. However, turbidity increases by decreasing particle size and increasing granulometry and particle concentration. Turbidity and head loss have different behaviour towards the same parameter; that is why it is necessary to take them into account in order to find a compromise between acceptable head loss / turbidity for a good functioning of the filter.
Highlights
In the drinking water supply and wastewater, many pollutants are particles or are associated with particles
After eighteen weeks of operation, we have found that head loss increases by decreasing granulometry and increasing flow rate, pressure, particle size, and concentration
Filtration is a process of purifying water in which water passes through a porous sand bed containing a biological film that traps and metabolizes organic compounds in water, which is very effective on removing bacteria, organic matter, cysts, eggs, and viruses are effectively removed from the filtered water (Aloo B.N. et al, 2014)
Summary
In the drinking water supply and wastewater, many pollutants are particles or are associated with particles. Particle removal is one of the main goals of water treatment. Sand filtration is the oldest way to treat drinking water and has become more popular for domestic wastewater treatment because of its efficiency, ease of maintenance, and limited energy costs. It requires a few technical components and usually no chemical products are used. The retained organic carbon pollutants undergo hydrolysis and are biologically degraded under the aerobic reactions of heterotrophic bacteria (Rodgers M. et al, 2005)
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