Abstract
Oyster mushroom waste (OMW) is a by-product of the agriculture industry with valuable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, and prebiotic properties. This by-product might be a useful alternative to antibiotic growth stimulators in poultry nutrition. The purpose of this research was to test the impact of OMW on the immune responses and on the morphology of intestine of broiler chickens. Four dietary therapies with five replicas of 15 birds in each, totalling 300 day- Ross 308 broiler chickens, were utilized in this study. Control chickens were fed a mixed diet that included a maize-soybean meal complemented by 1 and 2% OMW in addition to the basal diet. Furthermore, Enramycin (125 g/kg) was added to the control diet as an antibiotic. Throughout this experiment, performance was studied as well as the immune response to the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and intestinal morphological traits. A substantial surge was noted in body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of chickens after the addition of 1% OMW (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, feed supplementation with 2% OMW, compared with the control diet, produced no noteworthy increase in BWG or the feed conversion rate (FCR). Antibiotic addition, on the other hand, increased serum cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05). After 42 days, neither OMW nor antibiotic addition affected organ mass. In contrast, antibiotic addition reduced the small intestine percentage, crypt depth and villus height (p ≤ 0.05). The Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) antibody titer improved after feed supplementation with 1% OMW comparing with the control and antibiotic diet group. Furthermore, OMW supplementation decreased the heterophil-to-lymphocyte H/L ratio (p ≤ 0.05). The use of OMW led to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast and liver and an increase in glutathione peroxidase. It helped to reduce glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, the impact of OMW were dose-dependent, and the use of 1% OMW in broiler diets enhanced their growth and immunity. Nonetheless, supplementation with 2% OMW produced conflicting results.
Highlights
Antibiotics have historically been used as promotors of growth in poultry feed and as treatment for contaminated chickens
Gastrointestinal tract production has a good part to play in the bird’s immune system. Taking these facts into consideration, this study examined the suitability of mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) stem waste as a phytogenic feed additive and substitute for antibiotics in broilers diets
Supplementing broiler with 1% Oyster mushroom waste (OMW) resulted in greater body weight gain (BWG) than the control and other treatments
Summary
Antibiotics have historically been used as promotors of growth in poultry feed and as treatment for contaminated chickens. Antibiotics have been limited in many countries to be used as growth promoters in animal feed and poultry diets [4, 5]. Poultry researchers are using experimental additives of natural basis to substitute antibiotics. This substitution has proved to be an effective therapy to boost health status and efficiency in development. Animal researchers are looking for possible natural feed options that may increase livestock and poultry production efficiency and health status [5, 6]. Mushroom waste in the poultry industry could be a suitable replacement for antibiotics [6] It is available from mushroom farms, and possesses prebiotic, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties [7]
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