Abstract
to describe the influence of oxygen in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature newborns (PTNB) hospitalized in neonatal units of intensive care and undergoing ophthalmological follow-up procedures after hospital discharge. retrospective cohort study, from January 2014 to June 2016, whose data collection totaled 181 charts. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. when using oxygen (O2) in 148 PTNB (81.7%), both mask (n=141; 77.9%; p-value <0.001) and the tracheal tube predominated (n=100; 55.25; p-value <0.001) for 15 days in average. The time of use and O2 concentration of the tracheal tube (p-value <0.001), the time of mask use (p-value <0.001) and the time and concentration of O2 of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (p-value <0.001) were significant to cause ROP in 50 PTNB (11.31%). the oxygen therapy has influenced the development and severity of ROP, indicating the need to adopt protocols for its use.
Highlights
Due to advances in technology and in the treatment of premature children, there is a change in the viability limit towards increasingly lower gestational ages at birth
From all the cases that went through the ophthalmologic follow-up clinic, we identified those premature newborns (PTNB) who underwent the follow-up service after referral by this neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
The inclusion criteria of this study implied the need for participants to be premature newborns, who have been hospitalized in NICU during the established timeframe, who have been evaluated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening during hospitalization or after discharge by the follow-up service
Summary
Due to advances in technology and in the treatment of premature children, there is a change in the viability limit towards increasingly lower gestational ages at birth. One of the consequences of the use of oxygen therapy in PTNB is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (6), which is an abnormal growth of fibroblast tissue and blood vessels later juxtaposed to the crystalline that can cause bilateral blindness in premature children without intervention Terry has described it 50 years ago and according to him, during its natural progress, it generates a high social and financial cost for society, and can lead to permanent vision impairment, affecting the child’s cognitive and psychomotor development(7). The guidelines for ROP prevention(13) guide us to develop screening programs to identify PTNB at risk that need treatment, highlighting that ROP primary prevention should consider a strict oxygen administration and monitoring policy to avoid recurrent episodes of hypoxia and hyperoxia, actions directly associated with the nursing practice in NICU. This way, to manage the screening, prevention and care protocols, it is necessary to assess the reality of NICU regarding this matter
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