Abstract
The authors analyzed the structures of sulfurized olefins using NMR spectroscopy and studied the effects of sulfur chain length and alkyl structure on the ironing performance. They found that branched chain olefins, which contain branched alkyl groups, show superior ironing performance to straight chain olefins, provided that their carbon numbers are relatively low. When the sulfurized olefins were used in combination with overbased detergents (calcium sulfonate or salicylate), they showed a higher performance in ironing than with sulfurized olefins alone. It was also found that lubricating films consisting of both iron sulfide and calcium carbonate seem to improve ironing performance.
Highlights
In metal forming processes such as ironing, the contact pressure between the tool and workpiece surfaces is extremely high and a great amount of heat is generated by friction and deformation [1].Organo-sulfur and/or phosphorous compounds are widely used in metal forming fluids as extreme pressure (EP) additives due to their excellent performance in metal forming applications
It had been reported that sulfurized olefins with longer sulfur chain lengths typically show higher lubrication performance [9]
We prepared specific organo-sulfur compounds with well-defined molecular structures and evaluated their ironing performance by way of the burring test, which simulates the conditions of cold ironing
Summary
In metal forming processes such as ironing, the contact pressure between the tool and workpiece surfaces is extremely high and a great amount of heat is generated by friction and deformation [1]. Organo-sulfur and/or phosphorous compounds are widely used in metal forming fluids as extreme pressure (EP) additives due to their excellent performance in metal forming applications. Numerous studies on organo-sulfur compounds have been reported over the years. Allum et al studied the relationship between the chain lengths of the alkyl groups in dialkyl disulfides and extreme-pressure performance [2]. Mori et al reported that the thermal stability of EP additives plays a role in the amount of tribofilms that form on steel surfaces [3]. Various additives are used and, in particular, it is well-known that using organo-sulfur compounds in combination with overbased sulfonates produce better results in metal working than those provided by organo-sulfur compounds alone
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