Influence of Organic and Synthetic Fertility on Nitrate Runoff and Leaching, Soil Fertility, and Sweet Corn Yield and Quality

Abstract

Organic farming practices have been reported to reduce agricultural pollution and improve yield and quality compared to conventional practices. Frequently, research has involved comparing completely conventional and organic farming systems over many years. This study was conducted to test whether the use of organic fertilizers versus synthetic fertilizers improved soil fertility and sweet corn (Zea mays L. var rugosa Bonaf.) vigor, yield, size, and nutrient content and minimized nitrate (NO3) leaching and runoff after a single growing season. Sweet corn vigor, yield, and nutrient content were superior for synthetically fertilized sweet corn compared to organically fertilized corn. Runoff NO3 levels were similar regardless of fertilizer type. The use of organic fertilizers neither improved crop yield and quality nor reduced NO3 loss after a single season. These findings are consistent with previous research that reports that more than a single season of organic management is needed to improve soil properties and increase yields.