Abstract
The effect of six orchard management systems on the display of leaves in the canopies of apple trees was compared. Canopies which are strongly formalized through the use of trellises can change the way leaves are orientated. Small differences in leaf angle, leaf orientation, and dispersion (variation in angles and orientations) were found between free standing and trellised trees. These differences were consistent for two cultivars, Granny Smith and Starking Delicious, although stronger for the latter. Leaves from freestanding open canopies have a wider variety of angles and orientation that those from trellised canopies. Changes in leaf orientation did not appear to relate to changes in spectral composition which was similar for all canopies. A tentative claim for evidence of phototropism by leaves in some parts of some canopies is also made.
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