Abstract
The effects of orally administered lactic acid bacteria metabolites on skin were studied using an atopic dermatitis-like murine model generated by feeding HR-AD to mice. Lactic acid bacteria metabolites were obtained by inoculating and culturing soy milk with 35 strains of 16 species of lactic acid bacteria. The atopic dermatitis-like murine model was generated by feeding HR-AD to HR-1 mice for 40 days. The skin condition of HR-AD-fed mice worsened compared with normal mice, showing reduced water content in the stratum corneum, increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), reduced ceramide AP content in the stratum corneum, and increased epidermis thickness. When HR-AD-fed mice were orally administered a raw liquid containing lactic acid bacteria metabolites, water content in the stratum corneum, TEWL, ceramide AP content in the stratum corneum, and epidermis thickness improved. To determine the active components responsible for these effects, filtrate, residue, and lipid components extracted from the raw liquid containing lactic acid bacteria metabolites were examined. While water-soluble components and residue obtained after filtration had no effects, the lipid fraction showed similar effects to the raw liquid. These findings suggest that lactic acid bacteria metabolites improve skin injury in an atopic dermatitis-like murine model.
Highlights
One hundred trillion enteric bacteria inhabit the human intestines, among which lactic acid bacteria are one example
Mice were fed HR-AD to generate an atopic dermatitis model to study the effects of oral administration of various preparations of lactic acid bacteria metabolites on the skin
Studies have reported that continuous feeding and rearing of hairless mice with HR-AD leads to atopic dermatitis (AD)-like symptoms, which arise mainly due to a lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) but not due to a lack of magnesium [15,16]
Summary
One hundred trillion enteric bacteria inhabit the human intestines, among which lactic acid bacteria are one example. Because ingested lactic acid bacteria are quickly excreted from the body, they have limited time to exert their effects. Reports on the effectiveness of lactic acid metabolites as biogenics have increased in recent years [1]. These biogenics activate immune function in the intestines, an effect that is not mediated by intestinal flora, and decrease reactive oxygen species levels [2]. These lactic acid bacteria metabolites are present in foods consumed in our everyday diet, such as cheese, yogurt, and pickles. Mitsuoka et al [3,4,5,6] demonstrated the importance of food components that function directly or via intestinal flora in biological regulation, host defense, disease prevention, recovery, and aging that act through immunostimulation, cholesterol-lowering effects, blood pressure-lowering effects, regulation of intestinal function, antitumor effects, antithrombotic effects, and hematopoiesis
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