Abstract
The present study aims to improve biomass and biochemical constituents, especially lipid production of Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum by formulating an optimal growth condition using various concentrations of nutrients (NO3−, PO43− and CO32−) for biodiesel production. The supplementation of the three nutrients by +50% showed the maximum dry weight and biomass productivity, while the macromolecule contents were varied. The depletion of N-NO3− by 50% N-NO3− showed the maximum lipid yield (146.67 mg L−1) in A. variabilis and the maximum carbohydrate contents (285.33 mg L−1) in N. muscorum with an increase of 35% and 30% over control of the synthetic medium, respectively. However, variation in P-PO43− and C-CO32− showed insignificant improving results for all biochemical compositions in both cyanobacteria. A. variabilis was the superior species for lipid and protein accumulation; however, N. muscorum showed the maximum carbohydrate content. Accordingly, A. variabilis was selected for biodiesel production. In A. variabilis, −50% N-NO3− resulted in 35% higher lipid productivity compared to the control. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile and biodiesel quality-related parameters have improved under this condition. This study has revealed the strategies to improve A. variabilis lipid productivity for biodiesel production for small-scale in vitro application in terms of fuel quality under low nitrate levels.
Highlights
Food and energy sustainability are two of the world’s most pressing issues for all governments
In light of the above facts, this study aimed to examine the effects of supplementing macronutrients (NO3 −, PO4 3− and C-CO3 2− ) on the biomass, protein, carbohydrate and lipid content and fatty acid profile of two filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria, namely, Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorium
The exponential growth phase started after two days of incubation and ended on the 14th day for A. variabilis and on the 16th day for N. muscorum
Summary
Food and energy sustainability are two of the world’s most pressing issues for all governments. Food and fuel production must be sustainable, which requires the development of sustainable resources. On this basis, reliance on fossil fuels threatens the long-term viability of global fuel resources due to their depleting nature. Biodiesel has received much interest as a green and environmentally friendly fuel. Food crops such as soybean, sugar cane, sugar beet, and rapeseed are currently used to make biofuels [1]. Using crop plants as a biofuel feedstock puts them in direct competition with food production for land and freshwater, posing important sustainability concerns [1]
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