Abstract
Previous work focusing on understanding nutrient intake and its association with total body water homeostasis neglects to consider the collinearity of types of nutrients consumed and subsequent associations with hydration biomarkers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze consumption patterns of 23 a priori selected nutrients involved in osmotic homeostasis, as well as their association with 24 h urinary hydration markers among fifty African–American first-year college students through a repeated measures observation in a daily living setting. Through application of hierarchical clustering, we were able to identity four clusters of nutrients based on 24 h dietary recalls: (1) alcohol + pinitol, (2) water + calcium + magnesium + erythritol + inositol + sorbitol + xylitol, (3) total calories + total fat + total protein + potassium + sodium + zinc + phosphorous + arginine, and (4) total carbohydrates + total fiber + soluble fiber + insoluble fiber + mannitol + betaine. Furthermore, we found that consumption of nutrients in Cluster #2 was significantly predictive of urine osmolality (p = 0.004); no other clusters showed statistically significant associations with 24 h urinary hydration biomarkers. We conclude that there may be some nutrients that are commonly consumed concomitantly (at the day level), across a variety of settings and populations, and that a limited subset of the clustering of these nutrients may associate with body water status.
Highlights
Nutrient balance plays a critical role in human development [1,2,3] and interplays with every major organ system across the stages of life [4,5,6,7]
Incorporating terms as fixed performed a cursory sensitivity analysis of our results, as above, following the addition of two effects into our mixed model, we find that the results for the statistical significance of the clusters additional predictors with putative explanatory sexosmolality and body mass indexand (BMI)
Our findings show that the a priori selected nutrients clustered within four distinct groupings and, when modeled against 24 h urinary hydration measures, Cluster #2 (Figure 1) was the only cluster significantly associated with any of the hydration measures
Summary
Nutrient balance plays a critical role in human development [1,2,3] and interplays with every major organ system across the stages of life [4,5,6,7]. Tandem consumption of certain nutrients (both macronutrients and micronutrients) creates synergies that are critical to body functions. It is important to study the impact of tandem consumption of nutrients on health and wellness. Often termed the “forgotten nutrient” due to its non-contributory role in caloric intake, is vital for sustaining life and is intimately involved in metabolism, substrate transport across cellular membranes to maintain cellular homeostasis, thermoregulation and cardiovascular function.
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