Abstract
The ferroelectric phase transition behavior in equilibrated nonstoichiometric BaTiO3 powder samples was characterized by a differential scanning calorimeter. The transition temperature (TC) and enthalpy of transition (ΔHTC) between the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases were varied systematically with defect concentrations through the Ba∕Ti ratio, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)]. It was observed that the different defects such as titanium, barium, and oxygen vacancies all contribute to the changes of TC and ΔHTC. The TC decreased with increasing concentration of TiO2 partial Schottky defects and BaO partial Schottky defects. The annealing temperature increased the TC due to a complex mechanism with the increase of full Schottky defect reactions. In terms of p(O2), TC is constant in the ionic compensation region, and increases with the nonstoichiometry in the electronically compensated p(O2) region.
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