Abstract
AbstractIncreasing inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer greatly affect the functionality of farmland carbon (C) and N cycling. Soil contains various C and N fractions that have diverse chemical and physical characteristics, and they can be used as sensitive evaluation indicators for the change in soil C and N content; however, N application's effects on the deep soil layer N and C fractions of the North China Plain remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the changes in content, percentage, and sensitivity of N and C fractions under four N fertilization application rates in the upper 200 cm soil layer since 2012. N and C fractions in soil layers respond differently to N enrichment. For grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) contents, the sensitivity index (SI) of N fractions was the highest at N applications of 180 and 240 kg ha−1. SOC and TN are most active in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The SI of most C fractions in the topsoil layer were not the highest, and the SI of the N fractions was higher in the middle soil layer. Obvious leaching during the application of 300 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer was indicated by the nitrate content. Under the experimental conditions, the 180 and 240 kg N ha−1 applications proved to be the best for stabilization of C and N and improved crop productivity.
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