Abstract
Myogenic precursors are myoblasts that have a potency to differentiate into muscle fibers on injury and maintain the regenerative power of skeletal muscle. However, the roles of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in muscle development and myoblast differentiation are largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of exogenous NO generated by a microwave plasma torch on rat myoblastic L6 cell proliferation and differentiation. We observed that the differentiation of L6 myogenic precursor cells into myotubes was significantly enhanced after NO treatment. The expression of the myogenesis marker proteins and mRNA level, such as myoD, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain (MHC), as well as the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level, were significantly increased after the NO treatment, without creating toxicity. Moreover, we observed that the oxidative stress signaling [extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Erks), and Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] phosphorylation was higher in NO treated cells than in the control cells [without NO treatment]. Therefore, these results reveal the exogenous NO role in regulating myoblast differentiation through the oxidative stress signaling pathway. Through this work, we can suggest that exogenous NO can help in cell differentiation and tissue regeneration, which provides new possibilities for plasma medicine.
Highlights
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulating the cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes
We found that the nitric oxide (NO) treatment for 3 min at an O2 flow of 200 standard cubic centimeters per minute (SCCM) has significant effects on cell proliferation and differentiation
We investigated the exogenous NO effect on the expression of myogenic differentiation markers
Summary
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulating the cellular signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Mostafa et al, demonstrated that exogenous NO generated by plasma can facilitate early osteogenic differentiation without the presence of growth factors in media. They claimed that exogenous NO could be transported to an area of interest to activate the osteoprogenitor cell without subsequent toxicity[9]. In the present work, we studied the role of exogenous NO generated by a microwave plasma torch on the proliferation/ differentiation of rat myoblastic L6 cells. We attempt to clarify the molecular mechanism and role of exogenous NO produced by a microwave plasma torch in myogenic differentiation
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