Abstract
The one side selective synthesis of quinoline carboxylic acid oxime complex was carried out successfully. The as-prepared quinoline carboxylic acid oxime complex was complexed with nickel (II) salts to form nickel (II) oxime complex. These complexes were further adsorbed onto ZnO films containing ZnO nanoparticles of various sizes. ZnO films containing a diverse proportion of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated to enhance the photovoltaic efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cell. The as-synthesized complex was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultra violet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 1Hydrogen Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR), Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Attenuated total reflection Infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The combination of large and small ZnO nanoparticles has significantly improves the photovoltaic efficiency. The optimum mixing ratio for the best performance (0.127%) of a dye-sensitized solar cell is achieved by mixing the small: large ZnO particles in a ratio 60:40. The increased efficiency is due to the harvesting of light caused by scattering effect from larger sized ZnO particles. The ZnO layer consisting of smaller particles which are very next to the ZnO bigger particles makes a good electronic contact between film electrode and the Indium-doped tin oxide glass substrate resulting in the increases in the dye molecules adsorption. The over-layered, large-sized ZnO particles enhance the light-harvesting by light scattering effect. Compared to the other mixtures of ZnO films, there is a decrease in the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell when ZnO particles (small and large in a ratio 1:1) were adsorbed onto the Ni (II) oxime complex, which are caused due to the decrease in the surface area and dye aggregation.
Highlights
The boom in technology development has led to a swift growth in the industrialization and urbanization which require a lot of energy for its sustenance
Developing of DyeSensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) having high efficiency will confront the high costs of commercially accessible solar cells which are based on sensitizers adhered to the metal oxide films (Grätzel, 2001; Habibzadeh et al, 2010; Jo et al, 2019; Nazeeruddin et al, 1993; O’Reagen & Gratzel, 1991; Park et al, 2019; Wen et al, 2019)
Our study reveals that the adsorption of the complex on ZnO films having only small pore sized particles show a less amount of photocurrent
Summary
The boom in technology development has led to a swift growth in the industrialization and urbanization which require a lot of energy for its sustenance. To enhance the photovoltaic conversion efficiency in a DSSC, the photoabsorption coefficient of the photo-absorbing layer has to be increased Aside from this technique, a chain of methods has been demonstrated where the generation of photo-excited charge carriers are formed by coupling nanostructured films with optical effects (light scattering or optical confinement). Investigations are executed by making the combination of photonic crystal layer with that of the conventional ZnO nanocrystalline films to enhance the scattering of light This technique has resulted in enhancing the lightharvesting ability of the photo-electrode (Halaoui et al, 2005; Nishimura et al, 2003). To date, the importance of the sensitizer adsorption and its effect on solar cell performance has not been thoroughly understood It is well-accepted that in a DSSC, high-efficiency photo-electrode requires a high surface area for the loading of sufficient amounts of sensitizer molecules. Instead of other metal-oxides, ZnO nanoparticles were used since ZnO is non-toxic and inexpensive
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