Abstract
The influence of natural and accelerated carbonation on the leaching behavior of a basic oxygen furnace slag (BOS), electric arc furnace slag from carbon steel production (EAF C), and electric arc furnace slag from high‐alloy/stainless steel production (EAF S) has been investigated in this study. The carbonation reaction is examined using two experimental series: (i) outdoor‐exposure tests; and (ii) accelerated carbonation treatments in the laboratory. The achieved leaching results for the exposed steel slags show a distinct increase in Si and V concentrations and a decrease of Ca, with lower pH, due to carbonation. The other elements (Al, Cr, F, and Mo) react differently to carbonation depending on the mineral binding. However, the achieved results show that the German LAGA emplacement category can be improved from Z 2, for restricted applications with defined safeguarding measures, to Z 1 restricted open applications, due to carbonation. With regard to the storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in slags and CO2 reduction of the atmosphere, the EAF S appears to be best suited for carbonation, because this slag reveals the highest CO2 uptake. Moreover, for this slag type significant decreases of the leached amount of Al, Ca, Cr, and Mo could be achieved.
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