Abstract
With the advent of nanotechnology, by looking further deep down into the molecular level, today, we are able to understand basic and applied sciences even better than ever before. Not only has nanoscience and nanotechnology allowed us to study the composing structures of materials in detail, it has also allowed us to fabricate and synthesize such nanostructures using top-down and bottom-up approaches. One such field, which has been significantly influenced by the dawn of nanotechnology is biomimetics. With powerful spectroscopic and microscopic tools presenting us with images like double nanostructured pillars on the lotus surface for superhydrophobicity, the conical protuberances of moth eye demonstrating anti-reflection properties and nanostructured spatulae of gecko feet for high adhesivity, we are now able to fabricate these structures in the lab with properties showing close resemblance to their natural counterparts. Here, we present a review of various nanostructures that exist in nature, their fabrication techniques and some of their promising future applications. We hope this review will provide the reader with a basic understanding of what biomimetics is and how nanotechnology has significantly influenced this field.
Highlights
Biomimetics or biomimicry is one of the most intriguing fields of the contemporary world.In layman terms, it means the transfer and implementation of abstract principles and concepts from living nature to fulfil our requirements of obtaining better materials and efficient machinery
In a nutshell, the development of sophisticated tools and techniques to uncover the secrets of nanostructures and their synthesis methods is what has led to tremendous progress in the field of nanotechnology, and this was responsible for contributing a substantial amount of progress in biomimetics, realizing its full potential
We focused on how nanoscience and nanotechnology proved to be a boon for carrying out advancements in the field of biomimetics
Summary
Biomimetics or biomimicry is one of the most intriguing fields of the contemporary world. The solution to some of the most complex material fabrication problems and the design of system models already exist in nature and can be duplicated by looking more closely at the structures and patterns present in nature. To further elaborate on these points, here, we exclude the studies where natural moieties were altered in some way to make them function according to our needs, and this procedure was referred to as biomimetic approach An example of this method includes functionalization of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for obtaining novel properties [9]. As more nanostructures are being studied and incorporated into the literature, new biomimetic materials are being fabricated which will continue to have a major impact on human applications
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