Influence of Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete: A Microstructural Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the effects on mechanical and durability properties of concrete by including nano-silica, nano- titanium dioxide, and nano-alumina. The concrete mixes included nanoparticles in a range of quantities, from 0.5% to 4% by cement weight. Several experimental tests were performed, including those for chloride permeability, workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength. Compressive strength increased to 40.5 MPa and chloride permeability decreased to 1000 Coulombs, indicating an improvement in durability, when the nano-silica content was found to be 3%. Nano-titanium dioxide and nano-alumina also shown a minor but noticeable improvement. A detailed SEM microstructural analysis demonstrates the formation of a dense and refined microstructure, lending credence to the claims of improved mechanical properties. Results show that adding nanoparticles to concrete, particularly nano-silica, increases its performance without reducing its strength or durability.