Influence of nanoparticles inclusion into water on convective magneto hydrodynamic flow with heat transfer and entropy generation through permeable domain

Abstract

The non-Darcy hybrid nanofluid 2-D flow through a wavy enclosure is simulated via CVFEM (control volume finite element method) and analyzed using entropy optimization by incorporating the impacts of an ambient constant magnetic field and a heat energy source of constant flux. The impacts of varying buoyancy forces, magnetic field and medium permeability on the hybrid nanofluid dynamics are investigated through contour and 3-D plots. It is found that the rising strength of buoyancy and permeability augments the convection thermal energy transport and reduces the nanofluid temperature. The increasing buoyancy forces and medium permeability enhance the entropy generation due to frictional forces (Sgen,f), thermal energy flow (Sgen,th) and Sgen,M (associated with the presence of the ambient magnetic-field). The Bejan number (Be) rises with augmenting Lorentz forces and medium porosity. The average Nusselt number (Nuave) increases with augmenting buoyancy forces and medium porosity, while drops with the higher magnetic field strength. Analytical expressions for Nuave and Be are obtained. The agreement between present and published results validates the applied simulation technique.