Influence of nanocrystalline phases on the electrical properties of lithium titanate phosphate glass ceramics mixed with Ga2O3 nanocrystals

Abstract

Several glass ceramic compositions dispersed with Ga2O3 nanocrystals, in the series samples (100 − x)[0.4Li2O–0.1TiO2–0.5P2O5] + xGa2O3 with x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mol% of Ga2O3 were synthesized via high-energy ball milling technique and labeled as lithium gallium titanate phosphate glass (LTPG x ) (x is the mol% of Ga2O3 nanocrystals). The compositions have been selected on the basis of thermal stability data obtained from differential thermal analysis. X-ray diffraction studies indicate nanocrystalline phase formation in the controlled crystallized glasses. The variation of electrical conductivity was explained in the light of growth of nanocrystalline phases. The best bulk conductivity (σ = 7.03 × 10−4 S cm−1, at 303 K) was achieved by the sample containing 8 mol% of Ga2O3 nanocrystals content, labeled as LTPG8 sample. The activation energy for conduction (Ea σ ) is obtained from the temperature dependent of conductivity data, which is fitted to Arrhenius equation. The single super curve in the scaling spectra suggested the temperature-independent relaxation phenomenon.