Abstract
Perovskite BaTiO3, Ba0.98Na0.02TiO3, Ba0.98Na0.02Ti0.97Fe0.03O3 and Ba0.98Na0.02Ti0.95Fe0.05O3 ceramics have been prepared by solid state reaction method. The XRD analysis of these compositions revealed that a single-phase was formed having tetragonal crystal structure. A contraction of the perovskite unit cell volume was observed upon incorporation of 2 at% Na and 3 or 5 at% Fe. This contraction confirms that Na+ ions substitute Ba2+ cation while Fe3+ ions replace Ti4+ of BaTiO3. Inclusion of Na+ ions into BaTiO3 increases the dielectric constant while Fe3+ codoping decreases it. On contrast, incorporation of Fe3+ ions enhances the ferromagnetic properties of BaTiO3. Na/Fe codoping leads to formation of oxygen vacancies in BaTiO3 accompanied by new energy bands in visible light region. We show the suitability of such band-engineered Na/Fe codoped BaTiO3 for sunlight photocatalytic application. The results of photocatalytic experiments showed that both Ba0.98Na0.02Ti0.97Fe0.03O3 and Ba0.98Na0.02Ti0.95Fe0.05O3 exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than undoped and Na doped BaTiO3.
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