Abstract
MXenes with a two-dimensional (2D) structure have attracted attention as potential biomedical materials. In this study, Ti3C2 MXene particles with 2D-lamellar structures were intercalated and their potential as a biomaterial was evaluated using human mesenchymal stem cells. Intercalated MXene was characterized in terms of microstructure, phase composition, and size. Cell proliferation experiments with MXene particles confirmed that concentrations >50 μg/mL were cytotoxic, while concentrations <20 μg/mL promoted osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, MXene effectively facilitated the early and late osteogenic gene expression.
Highlights
Many pathways have led to the discovery of new materials with completely new properties
MXene particles were mixed with tetramethylammonium hydroxide for 3 days, and the morphology of the intercalated MXene was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; Sigma300, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany)
The SEM images show the stacked-lamellar structure of the MXene
Summary
Many pathways have led to the discovery of new materials with completely new properties. Bioceramics are very useful in hard-tissue engineering and have structural stability and superior biocompatibility [1] Traditional industrial oxides, such as zirconia, alumina, and titanium oxide, have been applied biologically when new biological properties have been discovered [2,3,4]. They are hydrophilic two-dimensional (2D) materials that have been studied in various applications, such as sensors, catalysis, and water purification [5,6,7,8]. Their use as biomedical materials has attracted attention, especially their antibacterial effects, photothermal-conversion efficiency, and fluorescence properties [9]
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