Influence of Multivector Field on Paste Preparation and Formation of Negative Electrodes of Lead Batteries

Boris Shirov,Urii Markov,Vesselin Naidenov

doi:10.3390/batteries7020024

Boris Shirov, Urii Markov + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries7020024

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Abstract

During the operation of the negative electrode, some critical processes take place, which are limiting factors for the operation of lead–acid batteries. To improve the efficiency of the negative active material and minimize these processes, external application of multivector field is proposed. Two applications of the multivector field are studied: during negative paste preparation and during formation. It is established that, when applying multivector field during negative paste preparation, the chemical processes proceed more efficiently. The results are better phase composition and crystallinity of the cured paste, thus increasing the capacity of the consequently built lead batteries by 12% on average. The application of a multivector field during the formation of negative active materials in lead batteries has a positive effect on the skeletal structure, the size and shape of the Pb crystals. This ensures longer service life, which is confirmed by the 17.5% Depth of Discharge continuous tests on 12 V/75 Ah batteries. The batteries formed under the influence of external multivector field showed 20% longer cycle life. Based on the experimental result, a most probable mechanism of the influence of the multivector field on the chemical and electrochemical processes in lead batteries during negative paste preparation and formation of negative active masses is proposed.

Highlights

The constant increase in human energy needs together with the continuous depletion of natural energy resources over the last several decades bring forward the important issues of rational and effective use, storage and processing of energy
The higher intensities of the 3BS and α-PbO peaks in the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) pattern of the cured negative paste prepared with application of external multivector field signify better crystal structure and phase composition
These findings are confirmed by the capacity test results for lead–acid cells assembled with negative electrodes prepared with this paste

Summary

Introduction

The constant increase in human energy needs together with the continuous depletion of natural energy resources over the last several decades bring forward the important issues of rational and effective use, storage and processing of energy. Lead batteries are used as backup power supply systems for different commercial installations such as computer systems in the banking sector, telecom basestations and life-supporting medical equipment. This wide application of lead batteries naturally leads to ever increasing requirements for lead battery quality with regard to operating, ergonomic and ecological parameters Lead batteries are used to power almost every type of motor vehicle, aircraft and watercraft; they are used in the energy industry for electrical power storage in all types of renewable energy sources, including photovoltaic, wind power and ocean power, as well as for buffer systems in nuclear and hydro power plants [1].

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