Abstract
Gradually stripping tungsten of its outer-shell electrons tends to increase the x-ray energies of the various Lα, Lβ and Lγ x-ray lines. For the Lα1 and Lβ1 lines the energy change is sometimes negative but always less than ≃10 eV when the ionization remains below W30+; other lines increase their energy approximately quadratically with ionization level. Beyond W30+ the increase is dramatic and some lines blue-shift many hundreds of eV already at W40+. The computations are carried out with a multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock method that includes the Breit interaction and some QED corrections. The results are relevant to high-resolution x-ray diagnostics of plasma produced by short-pulse lasers and to some pulsed power plasmas.
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