Abstract
Abstract This paper examines the influence of weaving variables such as yarn count, number of layers, warp and weft ratio, materials of the top layer, weft density and interlocking cell shape, and size on the thermal performance of multilayer interlocked woven fabrics. A split-plot design was used to construct a total of 64 fabric structures, which were assessed for thermal performance in terms of resistance to convective, conductive, and radiative heat. It was found that, for equal weft density and yarn number, protective performance improved with the number of fabric layers and with the presence of air cells between these layers, especially if air was not trapped within and could rather pass freely between the cells. An optimal combination of factors for the thermal response to the three types of heat was established via a Derringer–a much needed desirability function. The results of this paper are useful for identifying the interaction between configuration parameters and thermal performance, and hence for the design of improved heat protective clothing.
Highlights
The development of fire and heat protection fabrics is a field of immense interest for obvious reasons of personal safety
A significant number of heat protective fabrics are commercially available, ranging from single-layer materials consisting of fireproofed cotton or cellulose-based fibers, to multilayer materials containing aramids and other thermoresistant fibers developed for increased protection
We report on the design of multilayer interlocked fabrics consisting of various layers assembled by the same weaving process
Summary
The development of fire and heat protection fabrics is a field of immense interest for obvious reasons of personal safety. A significant number of heat protective fabrics are commercially available, ranging from single-layer materials consisting of fireproofed cotton or cellulose-based fibers, to multilayer materials containing aramids and other thermoresistant fibers developed for increased protection. In many applications for personal protection, these heat protective fabrics must possess acceptable mechanical and comfortrelated properties in addition to a high thermal resistance. An example is firefighter clothing, which is intended to be routinely exposed to fire and heat. The assembly should provide excellent heat protection as well as moisture comfort, should allow easy sweating-control. Due to this, existing firefighter clothing is typically a threelayer assembly consisting of an outer flame-resistant fabric, an interlayer moisture barrier, and an inner thermal liner
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