Influence of multienzyme additives and humic substances on the structure of the glandular part of the stomach of broiler chickens

Abstract

Purpose of research was to study the effect of enzyme supplements and humic substances on the histostructure of the glandular part of the stomach of broiler chickens.Materials and methods. The experiment lasted 49 days. In the first 4 weeks, the level of metabolic energy in the diet was 10 kcal per 100 g of feed below the recommended level, then until the end of the experiment it was 5 kcal lower. Group 1 received the main diet, balanced in all respects. Group 2 received the enzyme preparation «Kemzaym» 1 g/kg feed. It contained beta-gluconase, cellulase, pentosanase, protease, lipase and alpha-amylase. Group 3 received sodium humate 1 g/kg of feed. Group 4 received both «Kemzyme» (1 g/kg) and sodium humate (1 g/kg) at the same time. Slaughter of chickens was at 28 days and 49 days of age. Samples of the glandular part of the stomach were taken from 5 chickens from the group.Results. The study of the histological picture showed that up to 49 days of age, the development and formation of the structures of the wall of the glandular stomach occurs. This is expressed in an increase in the thickness of the organ wall, mainly due to the submucosal layer. The use of «Kemzaym» continuously during the entire cultivation leads to a decrease in the thickness of the entire wall of the organ and inhibition of the development of the submucosa. There is also an irritating effect of the drug on the mucous membrane. In the first period, this is expressed in a decrease in the height of the mucosa, foci of violation of the integrity of the epithelium, atrophy of the glands of the mucosa and lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria are observed. In the second period, this is expressed in an increase in the thickness of the mucosa in the absence of destructive changes in its histological picture. Such a reaction of the structures can be considered as an adaptation of the stomach wall. The use of sodium humate in the first period leads to an increase in the thickness of the submucosa. No negative effect on the structures of the mucosa was found during this period. In the second period, this additive causes a decrease in the thickness of the submucosa. During this period, an increase in the layer of the mucous membrane is observed without destructive changes in its structure. The combined use of sodium humate and the enzyme complex does not have a positive effect on the wall of the glandular stomach.Conclusion. Studies have shown that long-term continuous use of enzyme supplements leads to a decrease in the production of the stomach's own enzymes. The use of sodium humate has a positive effect only in the first period, which indicates that the body is getting used to this additive.