Abstract
Resident combustion of solid fuel has been widely acknowledged as a high potential for pollutant reduction. However, there is a marked asymmetry between more pollutant emission and less burned volatiles of biomass and coal in the combustion process. To study the solid fuel optimum combustion form in a household stove, both the pollution reduction and energy efficient utilization of crop straws and coals were investigated. Taking the molding pressure and clay addition ratio as variable process conditions, the research of bio-coal briquette (made from the mixture of anthracite and biomass) was implemented in the range of 15~35 MP and 5~15%, respectively. Biomass and coal work complementarily for each other’s combustion property development. In particular, the pyrolysis gas produced by biomass low-temperature devolatilization is featured with low ignition point and is distributed in the bio-coal briquette. Its own combustion provides energy for anthracite particle combustion. Consequently, a positive effect was identified when bio-coal briquettes were used as residential fuel, and further improvement manifested in reducing more than 90% of particle matter (PM) and achieving about twice the thermal efficiencies (TEs) compared with the mass-weighted average values of coal briquettes and biomass briquettes. 88.8 ± 11.8%, 136.7 ± 13.7% and 81.4 ± 17.7% more TEs were provided by wheat straw–coal briquettes, rice straw–coal briquettes and maize straw–coal briquettes. 93.3 ± 3.1% (wheat straw–coal), 97.6 ± 0.2% (rice straw–coal) and 90.4 ± 2.2% (maize straw–coal) in terms of PM2.5 emission factors (EFs) was reduced. For bio-coal briquette, a 25 MPa and 10% addition were determined as the optimum molding pressure and clay addition ratio. Bio-coal briquettes with higher TEs and lower PM EFs will bring about substantial benefits for air quality promotion, human health and energy saving.
Highlights
IntroductionSolid fuel is still one of the major household energy sources in developing countries
Solid fuel is still one of the major household energy sources in developing countries.Taking China for example, China is moving towards cleaner energy sources, such as natural gas and electricity, raw solid fuels are still often used in daily cooking in rural areas [1]
The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental benefits of briquette produced under different production process conditions as household cooking fuel in the same combustion condition, in search of an ideal substitute solid fuel by molding
Summary
Solid fuel is still one of the major household energy sources in developing countries. Taking China for example, China is moving towards cleaner energy sources, such as natural gas and electricity, raw solid fuels are still often used in daily cooking in rural areas [1]. Energy waste is produced with the extensive domestic use of these low efficiency fuels [2,3,4] and the generated pollutant emissions are orders of magnitude higher than those in power stations or industrial facilities [5]. Household residents who use biomass fuels for cooking have the highest known risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans exposure [9]. It is estimated that global premature deaths caused by PM2.5 exposure to the ambient and indoor environment due to the use of solid fuels is 2.94 million people and
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