Abstract
The potential of cyanobacteria to perform a variety of distinct roles vital for the biosphere, including nutrient cycling and environmental detoxification, drives interest in studying their biodiversity. Increasing soil erosion and the overuse of chemical fertilizers are global problems in developed countries. The option might be to switch to organic farming, which entails largely the use of biofertilisers. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic, photosynthetic organisms with considerable potential, within agrobiotechnology, to produce biofertilisers. They contribute significantly to plant drought resistance and nitrogen enrichment in the soil. This study sought, isolated, and investigated nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial strains in rice fields, and evaluated the effect of Mo and Fe on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activities under nitrogen starvation. Cyanobacterial isolates, isolated from rice paddies in Kazakhstan, were identified as Trichormus variabilis K-31 (MZ079356), Cylindrospermum badium J-8 (MZ079357), Nostoc sp. J-14 (MZ079360), Oscillatoria brevis SH-12 (MZ090011), and Tolypothrix tenuis J-1 (MZ079361). The study of the influence of various concentrations of Mo and Fe on photosynthetic and nitrogenase activities under conditions of nitrogen starvation revealed the optimal concentrations of metals that have a stimulating effect on the studied parameters.
Highlights
Soil fertility is directly related to the diversity, quantity, and activity of the soil microbiota, which determine the transformation, migration, and accumulation of substances in the soil ecosystem, and provide plants with all necessary assailable nutrients
Considering the main factors affecting nitrogenase activity, it is worth outlining the role of biogenic metals in nitrogenase enzyme cofactors that determine the intensity of nitrogen fixation by free-living cyanobacteria [16,17]
The study of rice fields in the Kyzylorda region, Republic of Kazakhstan (GeoCoordinate: 43◦54 16” N 67◦15 04” E), revealed a rich biodiversity of algoflora consisting of 58 species, forms and varieties of microalgae belonging to 5 phyla, 10 classes, 19 orders, 26 families, and 29 genera
Summary
The most important direction in the development of organic agriculture is the creation of microbial biotechnologies that help maintain fertility and intensify agricultural production. In the cyanobacterial species that form heterocysts, the nitrogenase is located in the heterocyst and is, protected from the inhibitory effects of oxygen [9–13] They are more attractive in terms of productivity and can enrich the soil with 20–30 kg N ha−1 per year, which is a great economic advantage for agriculture. They are technologically advanced, can grow on cheap media without sources of organic compounds and mineral nitrogen, and do not require expensive equipment [14,15]. Considering the main factors affecting nitrogenase activity, it is worth outlining the role of biogenic metals in nitrogenase enzyme cofactors that determine the intensity of nitrogen fixation by free-living cyanobacteria [16,17]
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