Influence of mineral fertilizers and inoculation on the formation of individual and seed productivity of soybean in conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Step

Abstract

Purpose. To establish the effect of seed inoculation with a microbial preparation of multifunctional action based on nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria and different doses and terms of mineral fertilizing on formation of individual and seed productivity of soybeans in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of study with biotic and abiotic factors), test sheaf (to determine the individual productivity of plants), harvesting (to determine the seed yield), statistical (to determine the probability of research results), comparative calculation. Results. According to the research results, the most favourable conditions for the optimal parameters of plants individual productivity formation of early-maturing soybean of the Vilshanka and medium-ripening Suzirya varieties were created due to the seeds inoculation by phosphonitragin and mineral fertilizing in the dose of N30P60K60 + N15 in the phase of budding, what positively affected the level of yield as a whole. Conclusions. The technology model for intensive growing of the Vilshanka and Suzirya soybean varieties, which involves the use of seeds inoculation by a bacterial preparation based on strains of nodule bacteria (Br. Japonicum) and phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms (B. mucilaginosus) and introduction of N30P60K60 in the main fertilizing and extra-feeding with N15 provided the highest values of individual and seed productivity: the number of beans (24.7 and 28.8 pcs/plant, respectively), the number of seeds (51.0 and 56.1 pcs/plant), the weight of 1000 seeds (147.2 and 144.6 g), yield (2.91 and 3.17 t/ha). The organized factors ensured the optimal height of the lower bean attachment on the plant, which had a positive effect on yield preservation and facilitated mechanized harvesting. Improving the technology of growing the Vilshanka and Suzirya soybean varieties on the basis of bacterial and mineral nutrition has led to the highest level of profitability, respectively 124 and 160%, and energy efficiency ratios (2.20 and 2.40).