Abstract
The paper presents the study of the influence of mineral and modified fertilizers on the formation of yield and quality of oat grain in the Middle Volga. The study was carried out in 2016–2018 on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture. The meteorological conditions of vegetation periods during the study varied in temperature and moistening. Three-year studies made it possible to confirm that the administration of a half-dose biomodified azophoska (½N15P15K15m) increased grain yield in relation to the absolute control on all study backgrounds by 0.13-0.49 t/ha. The greatest effect of fertilizers was observed against the background of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3m) applied under presowing cultivation at a dose of 40 kg active ingredient/ha treated with microbiological preparation BisolbiFit. Yield enhancement was accompanied by a relative decrease of protein content of oat grains ranging from 11.3 to 12.4 %. There is a negative relation (r=-0.76) between the mass of 1000 grains and the protein content.
Highlights
Due to continuous increase in the cost of mineral fertilizers and possible negative effects on product quality and the environment, it is important to find ways to reduce their doses without losing their efficiency
The first background remained as a control, the second included ammonia nitrate in a dose of 40 kg/ha treated with Bisolbifite biopreparation, the third – ammonia nitrate in a pure form in a dose of 40 kg active ingredient/ha introduced for pre-plant cultivation
Depending on the dose and type of fertilizer, the number of productive stems varied within 273–311 pcs/m2 in the control option, 297–315 pcs/m2 in the option with BisolbiFit, 300-320 pcs/m2 in the option with Azophosca in its pure form (N15P15K15), 312–157 pcs/m2 in the option N15P15K15m and 314–317 pcs/m2 in the option 1⁄2N15P15K15m
Summary
Due to continuous increase in the cost of mineral fertilizers and possible negative effects on product quality and the environment, it is important to find ways to reduce their doses without losing their efficiency. NPK – azophosca at a dose of 15 kg active ingredient/ha 4. NPKm – treatment of azophosca granules with biopreparation at a dose of 15 kg active ingredient/ha 5. 1⁄2 NPKm – treatment of azophosca granules with biopreparation at a dose of 7.5 kg active ingredient/ha background. The first background remained as a control (zero, absolute control), the second included ammonia nitrate in a dose of 40 kg/ha treated with Bisolbifite biopreparation, the third – ammonia nitrate in a pure form in a dose of 40 kg active ingredient/ha introduced for pre-plant cultivation. In all options that used mineral and modified fertilizers were characterized by the largest amount of grains. In the option with biopreparation, the number of grains in a panicle varied from 24.3 to 25.4 pieces
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