Influence of Milling Techniques on the Performance of Wheat Straw Ash in Cement Composites

Abstract

The worldwide production of cement is growing every year due to its increased use in the construction. Cement production is affiliated with an environmental concern as it contributes to the CO2 emissions. It is imperative to reduce the cement production by incorporating supplementary cementitious materials in the cement composites. In this research study, wheat straw ash (WSA) was used as an alternate of ordinary Portland cement. The ash was ground separately with a ball mill and a disintegrator mill as well as with a combination of both to enhance its pozzolanic efficiency. Mortar and paste specimens were made by substituting cement with WSA (20% by weight). Ash specimens were examined in terms of particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. The performance of the ash specimens in cement composites was examined via compressive and flexural strengths, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests. Isothermal calorimetric, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also employed on the specimens. The results revealed that the particle size of the wheat straw ash specimens significantly reduced and specific surface area enhanced when ground with a combination of both milling techniques. Cement composites made with this type of ash demonstrated improved mechanical and physical properties, accelerated hydration reaction at the early ages, reduce calcium hydroxide content at the later ages, and densified microstructure.