Abstract
The antioxidant activity of chitosan before micronization (BMC, average particle size of 1850 ± 26.3 μm) and after micronization (AMC, average particle size of 1.37 ± 0.2 μm) in grape juice was studied. Antioxidant activity was determined, including that of DPPH radicals, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals, as well as ABTS radicals of BMC or AMC in grape juice. AMC exhibits stronger scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide than BMC. At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, AMC in grape juice exhibited 90.0%, 97.3% and 88.7% scavenging activities toward DPPH radicals, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. The TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) values of AMC (3.94 ± 0.19) greatly exceeded those of BMC (2.21 ± 0.10) in grape juice. The in vitro results in this investigation suggest the possibility that AMC can increase the antioxidant activity in grape juice. However, comprehensive studies must be performed to ascertain the in vivo safety of AMC in experimental animal models.
Highlights
Chitosan (β-(1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose) is a linear hydrophilic polysaccharide polymer of d-glucosamine
Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), ferrozine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced (NADH), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), potassium ferricyanide and ferric chloride were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co., St
The data concerning the DPPH scavenging potential of BMC in grape juice demonstrate that AMC probably contributed greatly to the observed antioxidant effect
Summary
Chitosan (β-(1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose) is a linear hydrophilic polysaccharide polymer of d-glucosamine. It is abundant in nature and is present in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, including crabs and shrimp [1]. At acidic pH values, amino groups undergo protonation making chitosan soluble in water. The effect of micronized chitosan on the antioxidant activity of grape juice has not yet been reported upon. This study compares the effects of micronized chitosan on the antioxidant activity, and on the possible antioxidant effects of grape juice. This investigation will evaluate the antioxidant capacity of BMC (or AMC) in grape juice. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using various in vitro assay systems, involving, for example, DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals and ABTS
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