Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons with respect to unilateral maxillary canine torque variations in a frontal smile analysis. Methods: Full face and close-up smile photographs of two subjects (1 man and 1 woman) were used. Both smiles displayed healthy maxillary anterior dentitions. The images were digitally altered to obtain a bilateral 0° torque in the maxillary canines. From this image, unilateral variations of the left canine were made with -15°, -10°, -5°, 0°, +5°, +10° and +15°. Final images were randomly assembled into an album that was given to 53 orthodontists and 53 laypersons. Each rater was asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images using visual analog scales. Data collected were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired Student t test. Results: For orthodontists, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5° and -10°. For laypersons, most attractive smiles were those with 0°, -5°, -10°, -15° and + 5°. For both groups, the lowest scores were given for the smiles with +10° and +15° torque. When comparing the perceptions of the orthodontists and laypersons, they did not show statistical differences in most situations. Moreover, in general, there was no significant difference between the full-face and close-up assessments of the smiles. Conclusions:The present findings indicated that smiles with unilateral palatal (negative values) maxillary canine torque variations were more tolerated than smiles with buccal crown torque (positive values) variations.
Highlights
Orthodontics is going through a transition process over the years related to its therapeutic goals
According to Pinho et al[8], when investigating the esthetic perception of maxillary canines incisal edge asymmetries, they found that the discrepancies of up to 2 mm were not detected by orthodontists, prosthodontists and laypeople
The most attractive smiles were those with unilateral torque of 0°, -5°, -10° and + 5°, while the less attractive were those with +10° and +15° torque (p < 0.05)
Summary
Orthodontics is going through a transition process over the years related to its therapeutic goals. The definition of an attractive smile is based on widely studied aspects such as symmetry and proportion between the maxillary central incisors, adequate gingival exposure, convex smile arch, moderate buccal corridors and proper design of the gingival margins in the esthetic zone.[3,4,5,6] few studies investigated the role of the maxillary canines on the smile’s attractiveness. These teeth play a prominent role in the dental arch due to its location in a transition zone between the anterior and posterior teeth.[7]. According to Correa et al.,[4] when investigating the esthetic influence of the presence of asymmetries between the gingival margins of the maxillary canines, orthodontists did not perceive the asymmetries between the maxillary canine gingival margins up to 0.5 mm, and laypeople did not perceive asymmetries up to 1.0 – 1.5 mm
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