Abstract
Rimmed, bottle top and semi-killed heats tapped open were followed in Youngstown’s open hearth shops. Samples were taken from the furnace at tap and from the teem stream, and analyzed for carbon, manganese, oxygen, and in some cases, silicon. Utilizing experimental and literature data, the teem stream oxygen was shown not to be dependent upon teem stream carbon but rather to be a function of the teem stream manganese. At the low carbon, low manganese end of the composition range the control is essentially by manganese alone. As the higher carbon and higher manganese end is approached, manganese, acting synergistically with increasing but small concentrations of silicon, controls the oxygen level. Manganese recovery from ladle additions in commercial steelmaking is discussed in terms of manganese-oxygen interactions.
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