Abstract
The magnetic field can alter the hydrogen-bond structure and polarity characteristics of water; therefore, we hypothesize that magnetized water can affect plant physiological functions, including metal detoxification and excretion. In this study, the amount of Cd excreted on the leaves of Festuca arundinacea was estimated using magnetized water and normal water irrigation patterns. Irrigation with magnetized water improved the shoot dry weight and Cd content in F. arundinacea by 13.6% and 52.8%, respectively, compared to the control. Magnetized water irrigation also increased antioxidant enzyme activities in plant leaves, thereby alleviating the oxidative damage. The concentration of ferritin was 0.91 folds higher than that of the control, increasing the Fe sequestration and detoxification capacity of F. arundinacea. The amount of Cd excreted was significantly higher under magnetized water irrigation, thereby increasing the annual Cd removal by 109.7% from soil by leaf washing compared with that of the control. In contrast, F. arundinacea irrigated with magnetized water excreted 38.1% less Fe owing to the increase in ferritin levels, compared with that of the control. This study suggests a novel pathway of Cd phytoremediation by rinsing excreted Cd from the leaf surface without harvesting and replanting F. arundinacea.
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