Influence of Lime, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Sources on the Availability and Relationship of Soil Fluoride to Leaf Scorch in Lilium longiflorum Thunb1

Abstract

Abstract Plants of ‘Croft’, ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ grown in F- or Li-amended sand cultures had injured leaves. F-injury on ‘Croft’ developed as a semi-circular necrotic area at the margin of the leaf near its apex. The necrosis enlarged until the entire leaf tip and margin became necrotic. F injury on ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ varied from the semi-circular necrosis pattern to chlorotic or necrotic leaf margins. Injury affected only lower leaves of ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ but affected all leaves of ‘Croft’. Li injured leaves of all cultivars but the number and degree of injury were less than those produced by F. Li injury developed as chlorotic leaf margins which eventually became necrotic. In all cultivars Li injury was confined to lower leaves. ‘Croft’ was more sensitive to F and Li than ‘Ace’ or ‘Nellie White’. ‘Ace’ and ‘Nellie White’ were also grown in soil amended with dicalcium phosphate or superphosphate at both low and high lime rates and fertilized with NH4-N or NO3-N nitrogen. Plants grown with dicalcium phosphate with NH4-N or at any lime rate had no leaf injury. Plants grown with superphosphate had injured leaves, particularly at low lime rates with NH4-N. Soil and plant analysis showed a high positive correlation between superphosphate, which contains F, and leaf scorch. Soil-borne F was influenced by source of N fertilizer and lime rate. The pattern of leaf scorch from superphosphate in ‘Nellie White’ and ‘Ace’ was the same as that from NaF.