Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different light sources, thermocycling and silane on the bond strength of metallic brackets to ceramic. Cylinders of feldspathic ceramic were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 60 s. Half of the cylinders (Groups 1 to 4) received two layers of silane. Metallic brackets were bonded to the cylinders using Transbond XT and divided into 8 groups (n=20), according to light source (Radii Plus LED - 40 s; Groups 1, 2, 5 and 6 and XL 2500 halogen light - 40 s; Groups 3, 4, 7 and 8) and experimental conditions with (Groups 2, 4, 6 and 8) without thermocycling (Groups 1, 3, 5 and 7). Shear bond testing was carried out after 24 h of deionized water storage (Groups 1, 3, 5 and 7) and thermocycling (Groups 2, 4, 6 and 8; 7,000 cycles - 5°/55 °C). Date were submitted to three-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remnamt Index (ARI) was evaluated at 8× magnification. The application of silane was effective in increasing the shear bond strength of the brackets to ceramic (p<0.05). Significant difference (p<0.05) on the bond strength was observed between light sources with or without thermocycling. The ARI showed a predominance of scores 0 for all groups, with an increase in scores 1, 2 and 3 for the silane groups. In conclusion, silane improved significantly the shear bond strength of the brackets to ceramic. The thermocycling and light sources influence on the bond strength.
Highlights
In the last years, the number of adult patients looking for orthodontic treatment has been increasing
Bonding orthodontic brackets to ceramic surface present a higher degree of failure when compared to bonding to enamel [1]
Etching procedure with hydrofluoric acid is responsible for creating a rough surface and increased contact surface area in the ceramic bonding area, improving the interaction between bonding material and ceramic [2]
Summary
The number of adult patients looking for orthodontic treatment has been increasing. Ceramic materials may serve as substrates for bonding of orthodontic brackets under clinical conditions. Bonding orthodontic brackets to ceramic surface present a higher degree of failure when compared to bonding to enamel [1]. Etching procedure with hydrofluoric acid is responsible for creating a rough surface and increased contact surface area in the ceramic bonding area, improving the interaction between bonding material and ceramic [2]. Bonding materials need sufficient wettability to infiltrate the irregularities of ceramic surface. The use of silane on the ceramic surface prior to applying bonding material may increase the bonding strength between ceramic and orthodontic brackets. Silane is able to form chemical bonding with both organic and inorganic surfaces [3,4]. Some studies have shown better durability and bonding strength [2,4,5]
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