INFLUENCE OF LEAFLET’S MATRIX STIFFNESS AND FIBER ORIENTATION ON THE OPENING DYNAMICS OF A PROSTHETIC TRILEAFLET HEART VALVE

Abstract

Biological valves are employed for aortic valve substitution since a long time but there is a growing effort toward the development of new engineered tissues, in which the complex mechanical response of native leaflets is replicated using composite materials consisting of a soft matrix with embedded reinforcing fibers. The main goal of the present study is to investigate the influence that variations on fiber orientation and matrix stiffness may have on valve dynamics. To this aim, a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model of a trileaflet valve was implemented in which the opening phase was simulated and leaflet matrix stiffness and fiber orientation were varied in the framework of an anisotropic hyperelastic strain energy function. Results show that both parameters may affect significantly transvalvular pressure gradient and effective orifice area (EOA). For the opening phase of the valve examined, less favorable flow conditions were found when preferred fiber orientation is circumferential, due to lower maximum EOA achievable. Such configuration in combination with stiffer matrix may result in significant degradation of valve performances. Overall fiber orientation can potentially be taylored to optimize valve dynamics, provided also structural aspects that may be prominent in the closure phase, are considered.