Abstract
The results of experimental studies of repair of the supporting structure components made of 316L steel multi-pass laser cladding with filler wire are presented. The influence of the wobbling mode parameters, welding speed, and laser power on the formation of the deposited metal during multi-pass laser cladding with filler wire of 316L steel samples into a narrow slot groove, 6 mm deep and 3 mm wide, are shown. Non-destructive testing, metallographic studies, and mechanical tests of the deposited metal before and after heat treatment (2 h at 450 °C) were carried out. Based on the results of experimental studies, the optimal modes of laser beam wobbling were selected (amplitude—1.3 mm, frequency—100 Hz) at which the formation of a bead of optimal dimensions (height—1672 μm, width—3939 μm, depth of penetration into the substrate—776 μm) was ensured. A laser cladding technology with ESAB OK Autrode 316L filler wire has been developed, which has successfully passed the certification for conformity with the ISO 15614-11 standard. Studies of the chemical elements’ distribution before and after heat treatment showed that, after heat treatment along the grain boundaries, particles with a significantly higher Mo content (5.50%) were found in the sample, presumably precipitated phases. Microstructure studies and microhardness measurements showed that the upper part metal of the third pass, which has a lower microhardness (75% of base metal), higher ferrite content, and differently oriented dendritic austenite, significantly differs from the rest of the cladded metal.
Highlights
Austenitic stainless steels are a very widespread class of structural materials used in various industries. 316L SS is cryogenic structural steel with low carbon content, making it less likely to form chromium carbides
The aim of this work is to study the effect of laser irradiation power, welding speed, laser beam wobbling amplitude, cold filler wire feed rate on the quality of bead-on-plate formation, microstructure, and distribution of chemical elements depending on heat treatment at laser multipass recovery cladding of 316L steel filler wire, an ESAB OK Autrode
They show the depth of penetration into the substrate, the bead height, the bead width, the effect of the laser beam wobbling on the melting of the substrate, the substrate heat-affected zone, the presence of pores, and lack of fusion
Summary
Austenitic stainless steels are a very widespread class of structural materials used in various industries. 316L SS is cryogenic structural steel with low carbon content, making it less likely to form chromium carbides. 316L SS is cryogenic structural steel with low carbon content, making it less likely to form chromium carbides. As steel 316L has almost three times less carbon than steel 316, it has better weldability This steel has high strength, elasticity, and ductility, a good set of technological properties. The phase composition of the weld plays an important role and has a significant effect on the properties of welded joints obtained by welding 300 series steels. The cooling rates play a significant role in the formation of various forms of ferrite (delta, sigma, and X) [4,12] and the formation of unfavorable phases (carbides, nitrides, and different intermetallic compounds), in particular the formation of chromium nitrides, as nitrogen poorly dissolves in δ-ferrite
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