Abstract
Abstract The effects of temperature and larval age of the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), on nuclear polyhedrosis virus (PiNPV)-induced mortality on soybeans were studied in the laboratory and field. Leaflets collected from soybeans sprayed with the virus at a rate of 6 × 10 11 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/ha were fed to larvae in the laboratory. A significant interaction between larval instar and temperature for PiNPV-induced mortality was not detected. Mortality was significantly higher ( P ⩽ 0.05) at 30°C (75.8%) than at 25 (69%) or 35°C (65.2%). LT 50 values were higher in late instars than in early instars. LT 50 values were also higher at 25°C than at 30 or 35°C. The virus-induced mortality increased with an increase in larval age. In the field study, soybean looper mortality on soybean plants sprayed with virus was significantly higher in late instars than in early instars. The PiNPV rates of 6 × 10 11 and 1.5 × 10 12 PIB/ha resulted in similar virus-induced mortalities with a mean of 33.6 and 35.7%, respectively, across all instars.
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