Abstract
The use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in constructing tall buildings has increased. So, it has become crucial to get a higher in-plane stiffness in CLT panels. One way of increasing the shear modulus, G, for CLT panels can be by alternating the layers to other angles than the traditional 0° and 90°. The diagonal compression test can be used to measure the shear stiffness from which G is calculated. A general equation for calculating the G value for the CLT panels tested in the diagonal compression test was established and verified by tests, finite element simulations and external data. The equation was created from finite element simulations of full-scale CLT walls. By this equation, the influence on the G value was a factor of 2.8 and 2.0 by alternating the main laminate direction of the mid layer from the traditional 90° to 45° and 30°, respectively. From practical tests, these increases were measured to 2.9 and 1.8, respectively. Another influence on the G value was studied by the reduction of the glue area between the layers. It was shown that the pattern of the contact area was more important than the size of the contact area.
Highlights
A cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel is a building component used for a variety of purposes such as walls, floors, roofs and beams [1]
The aim of this study is twofold: first, to conduct FE simulations and tests to develop an equation for calculating G by diagonal compression test for CLT panels, and second, to use this equation to calculate G for non-edge glued 3-layer CLT panels with varying main laminate directions in order to maximise G
This becomes possible because shearing of a CLT panel with non-uniform main laminate directions does not result in a pure shearing of the boards
Summary
A cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel is a building component used for a variety of purposes such as walls, floors, roofs and beams [1]. CLT is a panel built by boards in a cross wise arrangement in a specific number of layers. Boards used to construct CLT panels are based on strength class and dimension. One important property of the CLT panels is the inplane shear stiffness characterised by the shear modulus, G. Several parameters affect the shear stiffness in a CLT panel. Important parameters are constituent board dimensions, board strength class, possible gaps between boards, gluing method and gluing area and the number of layers that build the CLT panel [4]. Two possible gluing methods are used for CLT panels. For the CLT panels glued on both flat and side edges of the boards, G will be equal to the shear modulus of solid wood [5]. Omitting side edge gluing means that G will be lower
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